The suit cites "pricing conspiracy," and suggests that Apple and the five publishers are "in violation of federal and state antitrust laws, the Sherman Act, the Cartwright Act, and the Unfair Competition Act." The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted by Congress in 1890 to "curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition," according to Encylopaedia Britannica. The Cartwright Act is California's antitrust law, which restricts conspiracies among two or more persons to restrain trade, and California's Unfair Competition Act-according to a summary of the law by the California State Legislature-authorizes public prosecutors and private plaintiffs to "to bring civil actions to enjoin acts of unfair competition or false advertising."